—the four (1)—even though that affords you no proof whatsoever. Likewise, the assertion that the Qur’an is created carries a speciousness that is absent from the denial of Allah’s exaltedness above His servants (2). For this reason, the innate nature of every nation acknowledges that Allah is above His creation (3), whereas whether He will be seen or not, or whether He speaks or not, is, in their judgment, nowhere near as self-evident (4). Thus you have sided with the Jahmite Muʿtazilites and others on issues that are even further removed from sound reason and true religion than the matters in which you opposed them (4). Moreover, it is well known that the early generations of the ummah and its leading Imams unanimously declared the Jahmites among the Muʿtazilites to be misguided.
= Ishaq, although he appeals to a hadith which the scholars unanimously condemned as among the most fabricated, and at best they described it as “strange.” I did not encounter it in the books on fabricated hadiths that I consulted.
(1) A forged hadith reported by al-Jawzaqani in Al-Abatil wa-al-Manakir, vol. 1, pp. 74–76, on the authority of al-Dahhak from Ibn ’Abbas, who said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:
“I saw four angels meet in the air. My Lord sent them all, and one angel said, ‘Our Lord sent us all together—so from where did your Lord send you?’ He replied, ‘From above His Throne.’ Then he asked his companion, ‘From where did your Lord send you?’ He replied, ‘He sent me from beneath the lowest earth.’ The third asked, ‘From where did your Lord send you?’ He replied, ‘From the East.’ The fourth asked, ‘From where did your Lord send you?’ He replied, ‘From the West.’ Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) recited: ‘He is the First and the Last, the Manifest and the Hidden’ (Quran 57:3). ‘He is the First—nothing preceded Him; He is the Last—nothing follows Him; He is the Manifest—nothing is above Him; He is the Hidden—nothing is beneath Him.’ The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) added, ‘If one of you were shown the lowest earth, it would lead him to Allah, for there is no place void of Him.’”
Al-Jawzaqani comments: “This is a baseless hadith with no origin. Its chain contains five abandoned, criticized narrators, and al-Dahhak did not hear anything from Ibn ’Abbas.”
(2) The awareness of Allah’s transcendence (ʿuluww) over His creation is an innate, necessary disposition (fiṭrah) that a person finds within himself when he supplicates to his Lord, Glorified and Exalted. Supplication is made only by facing upward, and earlier we discussed the proof from fiṭrah for Allah’s transcendence.
(3) In S and T: dhāk (that).
(4) In the original manuscript S: khaliftumuhu (you opposed it). The reading preserved by T, and it is likely the one appropriate to the context.