This statement of theirs runs counter to the consensus of the early generations of the ummah and to the view of the verifiers among their own scholars—let alone constituting any consensus. To make a definitive negation without knowledge leads only to denial, just as to make a definitive affirmation without knowledge leads only to unwarranted affirmation. The duty is to give every proof its proper weight: whatever is decisive must be accepted decisively; whatever is outward yet still admits another meaning, one says, “It is outward but open to interpretation”; and whatever is ambiguous, one says, “It is ambiguous.” None of the imams—much less any consensus—ever said, “Whatever attributes of the Lord you do not know, deny them.”(1) Rather, they said, “Refrain from speaking about matters for which no text has come.” They drew a clear line between silence regarding what has not been transmitted(2) and outright negation—so how much worse is it to negate when the transmitted wording is plainly affirmative?
Abū al-Maʿālī spoke in this field, and in others, only to the extent of his learning. He was distinguished in the discipline of kalām shared by his followers and the Muʿtazilah—though the Muʿtazilah were its original founders—and he was an avid reader(3) of the works of Abū Hāshim ibn al-Jubbāʾī.(4) As for the Qur’an, the Sunnah, the consensus of the early generations, and the statements of their leading scholars, his familiarity with them was slight.(5)