while the majority of our scholars hold that He, exalted is He, is knowing by one knowledge, powerful by one power, and willing by one will.”
He said (1): “Know that Qāḍī Abū Bakr, in this matter, rested his argument on consensus. He stated: There are two kinds of statements. One group says (2): ‘Allah the Exalted is knowing through knowledge and powerful through power.’ A second group says: ‘Allah is not knowing through knowledge, nor powerful through power.’ Everyone who adopts the first view also affirms that He is knowing by a single knowledge and powerful by a single power. If we were to claim that He—glorified be He (3)—is knowing by two or more knowledges, that would be a third position which breaks the consensus (4); therefore it is false. He added (5): ‘As for al-Ṣaʿlūkī, the consensus predates him, so it stands as evidence against him.’
I say: This alleged consensus is of the same kind as the “consensus” al-Rāzī (6) invoked to prove the eternal pre-existence of the “meaning” they posit—namely, divine speech (kalām) (7). In reality there is no consensus on this point at all; at best it would be the consensus of the Muʿtazilites and the Ashʿarites, were it valid. How, then, can it be asserted when Abū Ḥātim, in al-Tawḥīd (8), has transmitted from al-Ashʿarī himself that he affirmed ʿulūman (multiple knowledges) (9)?