Al-Tisʿīniyya - Ibn Taimiya - (3/799)

Al-TisʿīniyyaIbn Taimiya

and they also associate partners with Him, saying that He has a child and that He is the third (1) of three.

Thus, the disbelievers acknowledged the oneness of Lordship—the utmost that these dialectical theologians affirm, if they manage to avoid innovation even in that—yet they were still polytheists, for they worshiped others besides Allah.

Allah, exalted is He, says:

“And ask those of Our messengers whom We sent before you: did We ever appoint any deities to be worshiped besides the All-Merciful?” (2)

He, Most High, also says:

“We sent no messenger before you except that We revealed to him: ‘There is no god but I, so worship Me.’” (3)

And He says:

“We certainly raised a messenger in every nation, proclaiming, ‘Worship Allah and shun the false gods.’ Some of them Allah guided, while upon others misguidance became inevitable.” (4)

Thus, the Almighty has clarified that with this very declaration of divine oneness He sent all the messengers, and that to every nation He dispatched a messenger with it; this is Islam, which Allah accepts neither from the earlier peoples nor from

(1) In S it reads “and three,” which is a copyist error. Ibn Kathir (may Allah have mercy on him), in his commentary on the verse {And most of them do not believe in Allah except that they associate [others] with Him} (Quran 12:106), says: “Ibn Abbas said: Of their faith is that when they are asked, ‘Who created the heavens, who created the earth, and who created the mountains?’ they reply, ‘Allah,’ yet they associate partners with Him. Likewise Mujahid, ’Ata, Ikrima, al-Shaabi, Qatada, ad-Dahhak, and Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn Aslam stated the same.” Ibn al-Jawzi (may Allah have mercy on him), in Zad al-Masir (vol. 4, p. 294), records three opinions on this verse: First, according to Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Ikrima, Qatada, and al-Shaabi, they are the mushrikun (polytheists) who acknowledge Allah as their Creator and Sustainer yet commit shirk. Second, according to Ibn Abbas, they are the Christians, who similarly acknowledge Allah as Creator and Sustainer yet still commit shirk. Third, according to al-Hasan, they are the hypocrites, who outwardly profess faith to win people’s favor while inwardly remaining disbelievers. (2) Surah Az-Zukhruf 43:45. (3) Surah Al-Anbiya’ 21:25. (4) Surah An-Nahl 16:36.

ويشركون به، ويقولون: له ولد، وثالث (١) ثلاثة. فكان الكفار يقرون بتوحيد الربوبية، وهو نهاية ما يثبته هؤلاء المتكلمون -إذا سلموا من البدع فيه- وكانوا مع هذا مشركين، لأنهم كانوا يعبدون غير الله، قال تعالى: {وَاسْأَلْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رُسُلِنَا أَجَعَلْنَا مِنْ دُونِ الرَّحْمَنِ آلِهَةً يُعْبَدُونَ} (٢) ، وقال تعالى: {وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ إلا نُوحِي إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إلا أَنَا فَاعْبُدُونِ} (٣) ، وقال تعالى: {وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلَالَةُ} (٤) . فبين سبحانه أنه بهذا التوحيد بعث جميع الرسل، وأنه بعث إلى كل أمة رسولًا به، وهذا هو الإسلام الذي لا يقبل الله لا من الأولين ولا من

(١) في س: وقالت ثلاثة. وهو تصحيف. يقول ابن كثير -رحمه الله- عند تفسيره لقوله تعالى {وَمَا يُؤْمِنُ أَكْثَرُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ إلا وَهُمْ مُشْرِكُونَ} ١٠٦ / يوسف. "قال ابن عباس: من إيمانهم أنهم إذا قيل لهم: من خلق السماوات، ومن خلق الأرض، ومن خلق الجبال؟ قالوا: الله، وهم مشركون به، وكذا قال مجاهد وعطاء وعكرمة والشعبي وقتادة والضحاك وعبد الرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم". وقد ذكر ابن الجوزي -رحمه الله- في "زاد المسير" ٤/ ٢٩٤ عند تفسيره لهذه الآية الكريمة ثلاثة أقوال: الأول: عن ابن عباس ومجاهد وعكرمة وقتادة والشعبي: أنهم المشركون الذين يؤمنون بأن الله خالقهم ورازقهم وهم يشركون به. والثاني: عن ابن عباس: أنهم النصارى، يؤمنون بأن الله خالقهم ورازقهم ومع ذلك يشركون به. الثالث: عن الحسن أنهم المنافقون، يؤمنون في الظاهر رئاء الناس، وهم في الباطن كافرون. (٢) سورة الزخرف، الآية: ٤٥. (٣) سورة الأنبياء، الآية: ٢٥. (٤) سورة النحل، الآية: ٣٦.