and informed him of the caliph’s summons. Imām Aḥmad excused himself on account of his frailty and advanced age, but al-Mutawakkil insisted on his coming and sent him a letter saying that he wished only to take comfort in his company and nearness. Accordingly, Imām Aḥmad departed Baghdad for the court of al-Mutawakkil (1). When he arrived, the caliph bestowed upon him tremendous honor—honor he most certainly deserved, may Allah have mercy on him—yet the Imām regarded this as a trial and a test, so he would not accept the riches and worldly pleasures that the caliph poured upon him. He would say,
“I was kept safe from them all my life, and now at its end I have been tried by them.”
When they realized that he would not accept luxury or the comforts of this world, they permitted him to return to Baghdad. Thereafter the caliph would send emissaries to consult him on matters that arose, inquire about him, and assure himself of his wellbeing until the Imām passed away (2)—may Allah’s mercy be vast upon him.
At one point al-Mutawakkil wrote to Imām Aḥmad asking about the doctrine concerning the Qur’an, posing the question as a sincere seeker of guidance, not as a contentious interrogator. Imām Aḥmad responded with an excellent letter (3) in which he clarified the belief that is obligatory in this matter, supporting it with Qur’anic verses, prophetic ḥadiths, and the statements of the Companions and their righteous followers (4).
Having outlined the ordeal surrounding the innovation that claimed the Qur’an is created, we shall now examine Shaykh al-Islām’s position on the issue in the present book. That position may be summarized as follows:
- Shaykh al-Islām viewed the stance of the caliphs and those who followed them—who sought to compel people to accept something not found in the Book of Allah nor in the Sunnah of His Messenger ﷺ—as impermissible. He substantiated this ruling with examples from the early generations of this ummah in matters of the same nature, where nothing existed in the Book or Sunnah, and their practice accorded with that ruling. He, may Allah have mercy on him, said:
“It is not permissible for anyone to oblige the people or compel them to anything except what Allah…"