and no element of composition would be involved; whereas in the expression, “the thing (1) that cannot be divided,” a type of composition is introduced.
Abū al-Maʿālī replied:
It may be said to the Qāḍī: What philosophers call composition occurs when the one giving the definition adds a superfluous description that could have been omitted. Furthermore, the unqualified term does not always convey what the qualified term conveys. One does not understand from the bare word “thing” what one grasps from the phrase “the indivisible One,” for oneness itself intimates the absence of partition in the thing, (2) and the very purpose of giving a definition is to make the matter clear.
The Qāḍī answered:
Our discussion concerns realities, and the unqualified “thing” is precisely the indivisible One.
It may be said in response: We have already stated that oneness implies the negation of division in the thing; the two notions are inseparable and must both be addressed—just as we said, with regard to two distinct entities, that any two existents may be separated from one another in some respect. (3)
Our scholars (4) then added: When we are asked about al-wāḥid, we reply that this term fluctuates among several meanings. At times it is meant to signify “the entity (5) whose existence does not admit division”; at other times it is used to deny ambiguity and peers with respect to Him; and at yet other times it is intended to affirm that there is no refuge and no sanctuary except Him. All of these meanings are fully realized in describing the Eternal One, glorified be He.