Fifty-ninth Point:
You say: “He is sanctified above division, partition, plurality, composition, and combination.”
We reply: These terms(1) are ambiguous. If by them you mean what the Arabic language normally conveys—namely, that no part of Him separates from another; that He is not divisible so that one portion could detach from another, as the word “division” ordinarily implies; that He is not multiple so as to become two gods, two lords, or two creators; and that He is not composed, put together by the joining of constituent parts—as in His words, “in whatever form He willed, He assembled you” (Qur’an 82:8)(3), or anything comparable to this—then all such meanings contradict His samadāniyyah (absolute self-sufficiency). Yet none of them precludes the subsistence of the sounds He has affirmed for Himself, just as they do not preclude the subsistence of any of His other attributes.
But if by these expressions you intend that nothing whatsoever can be distinguished from Him, then this is necessarily false, false by the unanimous judgment of rational minds, and it unavoidably follows for anyone who denies distinguishability—there is no escaping it. We have set this out in full detail in the book Bayān Talbīs al-Jahmiyyah fī Ta’sīs Bidʿatihim al-Kalāmiyyah(4).
As for the statement: “If some obstinate imitator persists and affirms that the Lord—exalted be He—is a body, composed of parts and constituted of limbs, we shall then shift the discussion with him to refuting corporeality and to clarifying the Lord’s transcendence above partition, composition, and combination.”(5)