“They are not of the same genus as those transient attributes found in created things; therefore, they are not to be judged by the same standard.”
Fifty-eighth Point:
You say (1): “The Lord is one, characterized by perfect oneness, sanctified above division, partition, plurality, composition, and combination; it is therefore impossible for mutually contradictory sounds to subsist in an Essence that is truly one.”
We reply: This very argument obliges you to deny every other attribute as well. For an Essence within which nothing can be distinguished from anything else cannot possibly bear attributes such as knowledge, power, life, hearing, or sight. Granting them would imply the very plurality, composition, and division you have just rejected—and that is precisely the reasoning employed by those who negate the divine attributes altogether.
When your opponent said to you: “We can only conceive of life, knowledge, and power as subsisting in a body, and we can only conceive of a (2) hand and a face as parts of a body,” you answered: “That is not necessary; just because we cannot imagine a living, knowing, powerful being except as a body does not mean that the One who is beyond our perception must be a body.” Your opponent then compelled you to affirm that a living, knowing, powerful being exists while still possessing the absolute unity on which you both had agreed.
Yet it is plain that all of this equally contradicts sound reason. If nothing within that Essence can be distinguished from anything else, it cannot be living, knowing, or powerful, for each of these qualities entails meanings that differ from the others. In fact, such indistinguishability denies the very possibility of any existent at all—whether eternal or created—for existence necessarily involves distinguishing features. That, in turn, demands the very plurality you have sought to negate. This brand of tawḥīd (divine oneness) that they have invented is pure taʿṭīl—a complete stripping away of the attributes—and it ends up likening the Creator to non-existent things.