—with neither parts, components, nor instruments? Do you mean thereby that nothing is scattered or separated from Him, but that He is aṣ-Ṣamad (absolutely self-sufficient), exalted and transcendent? Or do you mean that, with respect to knowledge, nothing within Him is distinguished from anything else?
If you intend the first sense, it is true, yet it gains you nothing, for it does not follow from it that He cannot possess multiple discrete utterances.
But if you intend the second, then we say to you:
There is no doubt that you concede it is possible to know some of His attributes while remaining ignorant of others; you know His power while you do not know (1) His knowledge, and you know His existence while you do not know the necessity of His existence. There is likewise no doubt that what is known is not identical to what is unknown. This amounts to your own acknowledgment of differentiation and divisibility in this respect. Moreover, if knowledge does not correspond to the thing known, it is ignorance; therefore these realities must, in themselves, be distinct—an outright affirmation of what you have denied.
Every existent being is subject to this: with regard to any being, one thing about it may be known while another is not, and that necessitates the existence of realities of which it is true that “this is not that.” This applies to everyone, even those who deny the divine attributes, for they too admit the existence of these very meanings. If, then, divisibility (2)(3) is established in this sense, you cannot reject it absolutely; rather, it is necessarily and unanimously known that within every entity there is something that is not identical to something else.
Those who affirm the attributes—the Ṣifātīyyah, among whom are the Kullābiyyah and the Ashʿarīyyah—profess this both verbally and in meaning, and it is the truth. As for those who deny the attributes, they too are compelled to acknowledge it. Should they persist in saying, “Instead, this is that,” as the philosophers claim regarding the intellecter, the intelligible, and the intellect (4), and regarding existence and necessity, and as the Muʿtazilah say