understand.⦗1⦘
Al-Razi ⦗2⦘ presented this very assertion as an objection in the question of the unity of divine speech, and we have already cited his exact words on the matter ⦗3⦘.
He answers the objection by saying, “This amounts to nothing, for the reality of an imperative is like the mind’s judgment that predicates one matter of another, and the difference between the two is self-evident. Because of that, affirmation and denial apply to one of them but not to the other.”⦗4⦘
The distinction he draws is sound, as we have noted; we mentioned it only to reinforce the first point, which is what concerns us here, namely the claim that the purport of an informative statement is knowledge, and its proper domain ⦗5⦘ is belief and the like. Various groups hold this view—indeed, most people, the generality of humankind, say as much. People find nothing within themselves ⦗6⦘ that could ⦗7⦘ serve as the meaning of an assertion other than this. That an informative statement denotes knowledge, or some species of it, is clearer than saying that a request denotes will, or some species thereof ⦗8⦘; for in the latter case they were able to claim a distinction, namely that Allah has issued commands whose existence He did not will—just as He commanded those who did not obey Him ⦗9⦘. This is agreed upon by the proponents of affirmation; only the Qadariyyah have disputed it ⦗10⦘.
As for the notion that the mere issuance of a command necessarily entails a will that is other than the will for the commanded act to occur, that is simply a claim