Eleventh Point:
This alleged consensus is of the same stamp as the so-called binding (ilzāmī) proofs. Yet at the very outset of his book he ruled that such proofs are invalid and of no benefit, whether for rational inquiry or for public disputation (1). For his opponent could simply say (2): “Your claim that the world is eternal rests on the premise that it is impossible for temporal events to arise within it. Either that premise is sound or it is unsound. If it is sound, then it alone settles the issue—yet you yourself have declared it unsound. If it is unsound (3), the very basis of the assertion of eternality collapses. One may still contend, however, that even if temporal events can arise within it, this does not oblige us to concede that what bears those events must itself be eternal.” This is an evident rebuttal, for there is no difference between establishing one’s own position by a binding proof and refuting one’s opponent by a binding proof.
Twelfth Point:
He has failed to prove that the meaning of divine command and prohibition is anything other than will and aversion, save for the argument he advanced in the discussion on the creation of acts and the divine will concerning existent things (4). That argument applies only to the all-inclusive will that encompasses every existent and is negated with respect to every non-existent, for whatever He wills—