the earliest generations of the ummah would have said to the people, “The outward sense you understand is not what is meant,” or (1) at the very least some (2) Muslim would have found this verse—and others like it—problematic.
Now, if it happens that one of the later scholars whose heart has swerved sees in the verse a corrupt meaning (3)—a meaning that entails contingency or imperfection—there is no doubt that the apparent sense for this deviant is not intended. Should we meet a man who infers from (4) the verse this unsound appearance, we establish for him, first, that such a meaning is not actually derived from (3) the verse’s outward wording, and, second, that the meaning itself is defective. Even were we to grant—though this is a purely hypothetical assumption with no basis in reality—that this were the verse’s apparent sense, it would still be obligatory to set the verse aside from that appearance, just as we do with every text whose outward wording is overridden by evidence proving that something other than the literal sense is intended.
Know, moreover, that whoever has not mastered (5) the modes of verbal indication—and who does not realize that the appearance of meaning in language may arise (6) from linguistic, customary, or shar‘i convention, whether in single words or in compound phrases; at times from the syntactic construction that itself alters the word’s signification; at times from verbal clues that render the wording figurative; at times from the state of the speaker, the addressee, the topic under discussion, and the overall flow of the discourse that selects one of the word’s possible implications or clarifies that its figurative sense is intended, along with other factors that confer upon an expression the quality of “apparent”—such a person will inevitably stumble in these matters. Granted, when no connected contextual indicator accompanies the wording to reveal the speaker’s intent, yet that intent is known through another, separate verbal proof, then the meaning intended in that case is contrary to the outward sense."