This (1) is a concise statement whose full elaboration lies beyond the limits of the present discussion. In my reply to the Damascene legal opinion (2)—where I had been asked about a man who swore, with a triple-divorce oath, that the Quran is merely letters and sound, and that the All-Merciful rose over the Throne (3) in the very sense conveyed by the outward wording and as people commonly understand it—whether such a man would thereby break his oath or not, I answered as follows:
If what the swearer means is that the voices of human beings when they recite the Quran, and the ink with which its letters are written, are eternal and without beginning, then he has indeed violated his oath, and I know of no one who holds such a view.
But (4) if his reluctance to speak separately about the ink in the mushaf (written codex) and the servant’s voice stems only from a desire to block the path to asserting that the Quran is created—and there are some who have discussed the servant’s voice—then, while we affirm that what we recite is in truth the speech of Allah and none other, and that what lies between the two covers is in truth the speech of Allah, I have never encountered anyone who declared that the combined reality of the written ink and the servant’s recited voice is eternal.