intrinsic to His very Essence. Those who disagree with this offer only a weak rejoinder, such as the explanation given by Ibn al-Zāghūnī: “We made it” means “We manifested it and sent it down.”
It may be said to them: It is enough to say, “We sent it down as an Arabic Qur’an,” for, according to you, He is incapable of sending it down and disclosing it in anything other than Arabic; you hold that to be impossible in itself. If that is intrinsically impossible, how could He take credit for not doing it? The only actual alternatives are that He either sends it down or does not; as for sending it down in both Arabic and non-Arabic, that, in your view, is impossible.
Yet Allah, exalted be He, has said:
“Had We made it a non-Arabic Qur’an, they would have said, ‘Why are its verses not explained in detail?’” (1)
This shows that making it non-Arabic was indeed possible, whereas you deem it impossible. It is also an argument against those who hold that the uttered expression is a created entity separate from Allah, for Allah Himself has described the Qur’an as both Arabic and non-Arabic, while in their view such variation can occur only in the created expression, not in the Qur’an itself, which they regard as uncreated. Moreover, according to them (2) the very meaning whose wording is Arabic is the same meaning whose wording is Syriac (3) and Hebrew (4).
If, then, it is permissible to call it Arabic merely because its wording is Arabic, it would follow that the speech of Allah is simultaneously Arabic, non-Arabic, Syriac, and Hebrew, for the entity so described is, in their view, one and the same (5).
The Book of Allah itself indicates that He is able to make His speech Arabic, and to make it