Allah reports he heard; there would not be any common denominator (1) whatsoever. Rather, to claim that he heard those very sounds—when he never heard them—would be a lie. The same holds for every earlier nation whom Allah quotes in the Qur’an as having spoken in languages other than Arabic: each spoke in its own tongue, yet Allah related their words in the language in which the Qur’an was revealed, Arabic, and Allah’s speech is truth.
If what they uttered were nothing but letters and sounds, and the letters and sounds they produced were unlike these, the report of their speech would in no way be accurate. In fact, their speech consisted of letters (2) and meanings, and Allah conveyed it about them (3) in another language. Letters are subordinate to meanings, and it is the meanings that matter most—exactly as happens when the speech of other created beings is translated (4).
Those “affirmers” (5) who agree with Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamāʿah that the Qur’an is the uncreated speech of Allah, yet side with the Muʿtazilah in claiming that speech is nothing but bare letters and sounds, assert that the speech of Allah inherent in His Essence is limited to letters and sounds alone. This is precisely what I clarified as well in my “Response to the Ordeal” (6), where I showed that none of the early scholars ever said such a thing; nor did they say that it is a meaning subsisting in His Essence. Both positions are innovations, and nothing in my words contains any innovation.
Some of them (7) further declare that, despite this, it is eternal and not originated, in order to conform