the very doctrine of the idolaters and the deniers, (1) and it is not (2) the doctrine of any of the communities to whom the revealed books were sent. Yet they were left with no choice but to appear (3) to agree outwardly with the People of the Book; in so doing they were hypocrites, fully conscious of their own hypocrisy—just like their ṭawāghīt (idolatrous tyrants) who knowingly opposed the messengers and still forged ahead. Such people are hypocritical heretics.
As for the ignorant masses (4) who are unaware of the hypocrisy within themselves, when they tried to unite their inward rejection with their outward profession they ended up holding two mutually exclusive positions. This drove them to sophistry in matters of reason and to qarmata (esoteric distortion) in matters based on transmitted reports, thereby corrupting both intellect and religion. Their claim that the Qur’an is created and their denial of the divine attributes are among the chief pillars of this hypocrisy. For it is self-evident (5) to sound minds that a living being is truly alive only by virtue of a life that inheres within it; it cannot be alive without life, nor by a life that inheres in something else. (6) Likewise, one who knows and is able is only knowledgeable and capable through knowledge and power that inhere within him; he cannot be knowledgeable or capable without knowledge and power, nor by knowledge and power that inhere in another. (7) In the same way, one who is wise, merciful, speaking, and willing is so only through wisdom and mercy, speech and will that inhere within him; (8) he cannot be wise without wisdom or merciful without mercy, nor can he be speaking or willing without speech and will, or through wisdom, mercy, speech, and will that inhere in something other than himself. (9)