The essence of their doctrine is that Allah has not spoken anything at all. By contrast, the other faction maintains that Allah did speak, that His speech subsists in Him, and that the speech of Allah is uncreated. This latter group excluded meanings from the very definition of “speech” and “the speech of Allah,” just as the first faction (1) had excluded letters and sounds from that definition.
Those who hold that speech is nothing but letters and sounds do not, however, deny that speech (2) possesses meaning. Indeed, everyone agrees that the letters and sounds articulated by speakers (3) point to meanings. The disagreement between them concerns two points:
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Are those meanings of the same genus as knowledge and will, or are they an altogether different reality, one that is neither knowledge nor will? (4) The first side contends that the reality of that meaning (5) is other than the reality of knowledge and will (6), whereas the other side says that its reality does not go beyond knowledge and will.
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Does the term “speech” itself refer to the meaning, or does it refer to the uttered wording?