Al-Ashʿarī says in Al-Maqālāt (1)—after reviewing the dispute over khalq (creation), kasb (acquisition), and human action:
“Those who affirm the divine attributes are unanimously agreed that the meaning of makhlūq (created) is the same as muhdath (brought into being), and that the meaning of muhdath is makhlūq (2). This is the view I consider correct, to which I subscribe and which I profess.”
Zuhayr al-Atharī (3) and Abū Muʿādh al-Tūmanī said: “Makhlūq means that the thing came to be through Allah’s will and His command, namely His word, ‘Be’ (4).”
Many of the Muʿtazila held the same opinion, among them Abū al-Hudhayl.
Others maintained that makhlūq simply means that the thing possesses a created form (5), and they did not regard creation (khalq) as any kind of verbal command. Among these were Abū Mūsā (6) and Bishr ibn al-Muʿtamir.
(7) The distinction between makhlūq and muhdath is a technical convention adopted by the leading hadith scholars, and it accords with the language in which the Quran was revealed. Some of them also differentiate between ḥadath (an occurrence) and muhdath (that which is originated), as al-Ashʿarī has reported the two positions (8).