Al-TisʿīniyyaIbn Taimiya

He said:

“As to what follows, I have grasped what you asked [about] (1) regarding the question in which the Jahmiyyah have persisted (2), together with those who follow in their wake (3), concerning the attribute of the Almighty Lord—whose greatness surpasses every description and estimate (4). Tongues are left exhausted when they attempt to expound His attributes, and minds withdraw, unable to fathom His majesty. His very greatness repels the intellects (5); finding no passage, they return humbled (6). People have merely been commanded to look and reflect upon what He has created with precise measure (7).

One may appropriately ask ‘How?’ only of one who once was not and then came to be. As for the One who neither undergoes change (8) nor passes away (9), who has always been and has no equal, none knows how He is but He Himself. And how could the rank of One who had no beginning, who neither dies nor decays, ever be comprehended? How could any aspect of Him possess a limit or boundary that a knower might grasp or a describer delineate—when He is the manifest Truth: no truth is more rightful than He, and nothing is clearer than He? (10)

The very proof (11) of the mind’s inability to ascertain His reality is its inability to ascertain the reality of even the smallest of His creatures (12): something so tiny (13) that it is scarcely seen, that comes to be and then passes away, and in which no hearing or sight is discerned—

(1) The text between parentheses is an addition from al-Sir and al-Mukhtasar. (2) In al-Mukhtasar: “tatayya’at.” (3) In the margin of the original: “wafaqaha.” In S: “khalafahuma.” It is then omitted from al-Sir and al-Mukhtasar. The reading is preserved in T and in Fatwa al-Hamawiyya. (4) In S: “fatat.” This is a scribal error. (5) The phrase “ruddat azmatahu al-uqul” (“His greatness humbled the intellects”) is omitted from al-Sir and al-Mukhtasar. (6) In al-Sir and al-Mukhtasar: “khasia hasira” (“abject and wretched”). (7) The term “bi-l-taqdir” (“properly speaking”) is omitted from al-Sir and al-Mukhtasar. (8) In al-Sir and al-Mukhtasar: “ama man la yahul” (“as for one who cannot change”). (9) The phrase “wa-la yazul” (“nor does it cease”) is omitted from al-Sir. (10) The text between the brackets is omitted from al-Sir and al-Mukhtasar; it appears in Fatwa al-Hamawiyya. (11) In al-Sir and al-Mukhtasar: “fa-l-dalil.” (12) In T: “makhluqatih” (“His creatures”). (13) In T: “saghiran” (“small”).
قال: (أما بعد، فقد فهمت ما سألت [عنه] (١) فيما تتابعت (٢) الجهمية، ومن خلفها (٣) ، في صفة الرَّبِّ العظيم، الذي فاقت (٤) عظمته الوصف والتقدير، وكلّت الألسن عن تفسير صفته، وانحسرت العقول دون معرفة قدره، ردت عظمته العقول (٥) ، فلم تجد مساغًا فرجعت خاسئة (٦) ، وإنما أمروا بالنظر والتفكير فيما خلق بالتقدير (٧) ، وإنَّما يقال: كيف؟ لمن لم يكن مرَّة ثم كان، فأمَّا الذي لا يحول (٨) ولا يزول (٩) ولم يزل وليس له مثل، فإنَّه لا يعلم كيف هو إلّا هو [وكيف يعرف قدر من لم يبدأ، ومن لا يموت ولا يبلى؟ وكيف يكون لصفة شيء منه حد أو منتهى يعرفه عارف أو يحد قدره واصف، على أنَّه الحق المبين لا حق أحق منه ولا شيء أبين منه] (١٠) الدليل (١١) على عجز العقول عن تحقيق صفته، عجزها عن تحقيق صفة أصغر خلقه (١٢) لا تكاد تراه صغرًا (١٣) يحول ويزول، ولا يرى له سمع ولا بصر [لما
(١) ما بين المعقوفتين زيادة من: السير، والمختصر. (٢) في المختصر: تتايعت. (٣) في هامش الأصل: وافقها. وفي س: خالفهما. ومن خلفها: ساقطة من: السير، والمختصر. والمثبت من: ط، والفتوى الحموية. (٤) في س: فاتت. وهو تصحيف. (٥) قوله: "ردت عظمته العقول" ساقط من: السير، والمختصر. (٦) في السير، والمختصر: خاسئة حسيرة. (٧) بالتقدير: ساقطة من: السير، والمختصر. (٨) في السير، والمختصر: أما من لا يحول. (٩) ولا يزول: ساقطة من السير. (١٠) ما بين المعقوفتين ساقط من: السير، والمختصر. ومذكور في: الفتوى الحموية. (١١) في السير، والمختصر: فالدليل. (١٢) في ط: مخلوقاته. (١٣) في ط: صغيرًا.

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