He lived in Baghdad and was one of the most extreme Qadarites; his numerous scandals are recorded by the authors of al-Maqalat. The Mu‘ammariyyah sect of the Mu‘tazilah is attributed to him. He died in 215 AH. See: al-Furūq bayna al-Firaq by al-Baghdadi, pp. 151–155; Ṭabaqāt al-Mu‘tazilah by al-Qadi ʿAbd al-Jabbar, pp. 252–253; Lisān al-Mīzān by Ibn Hajar, vol. 6, p. 71; al-A‘lam by al-Zirikli, vol. 8, p. 190. (1) The phrase in parentheses is an addition found in S, T, and al-Maqalat. (2) In T: it reads “innama.” (3) In S: it reads “lilnash,” which is a scribal error. (4) He is Abu Ma‘in Thumamah ibn Ashras al-Nimiri al-Basri, one of the leading Mu‘tazilites and a chief of misguidance. The Thumamiyyah sect is named after him. He broke away from his peers on issues mentioned by the authors of al-Maqalat. Al-Dhahabi and Ibn Hajar report that Ibn Hazm said: “Thumamah used to say, ‘The world (al-ʿālam) is the act of God by His innate nature, and the conformists (muqallidin) from Ahl al-Kitab (People of the Book) and idolaters will not enter Hell but will be turned into dust….’” He died in 213 AH. See: al-Furūq bayna al-Firaq by al-Baghdadi, pp. 173–175; al-Milal wa al-Nihal by al-Shahrastani, vol. 1, pp. 70–71; Mizan al-I‘tidal by al-Dhahabi, vol. 1, pp. 371–372; Lisān al-Mīzān by Ibn Hajar, vol. 2, pp. 83–84; Ṭabaqāt al-Mu‘tazilah by al-Qadi ʿAbd al-Jabbar, pp. 258–261. (5) In all manuscripts it reads “Allah”; the confirmed reading is taken from al-Maqalat. (6) In T: it reads “yabda’uhu” (“he begins it”). (7) The word “qala” (“he said”) is an addition by the Shaykh (may Allah have mercy on him), referring to Abu al-Hasan al-Ashari, and it connects the text to the preceding passage in al-Maqalat.