—the very One who commands, forbids, and speaks—not that (1) speech is something that fails to subsist in Him but that He created it in someone else. Yet were that their intention, it is clear that such a notion is not what ordinary discourse conveys or what anyone understands from it, whether elite or common. What is universally and undeniably known is that speech inheres in the speaker. Thus, had they intended by His “speech” and His “saying” that He (2) created speech within some creature, they would—according to the allegation of the Jahmiyyah—have led humankind astray and plunged them into utter confusion, using words for a meaning they never revealed. Allah, exalted is He, has indeed declared that the messengers have (3) conveyed the manifest message; whoever attributes otherwise to them has disbelieved in Allah and His messengers. This is the assertion (4) of the heretical hypocrites—who are (5) the very root of the Jahmiyyah—of the philosophers, the Qarmaṭians, and their ilk, who charge the messengers with such claims. In reality, to say that the Speaker, the Commander, the Prohibiter is so described only because speech subsists in someone other than He (6) while being impossible for it to subsist in Him is wholly unknown in the language, whether literally or figuratively.
The irreligious Jahmiyyah—those who tamper with Allah’s names and verses, distort words from their proper places, and alter the religion of Allah—such as the Muʿtazilah and their likes, have claimed that in linguistic usage “the speaker” is whoever performs the act of speech even though it subsists in another, like a jinn who speaks on the tongue of a possessed human. They say the jinn is the speaker of what is heard from the possessed person because it performed that act, even though the speech inhered only in the human and not in the jinn. This is nothing but trickery (7) and deceit.