the Qur’an is the speech of Allah; He—exalted is He—spoke it, and it subsists with Him,(1) and whatever is thus can never be created. Created, rather, is only what He brings into existence among the newly originated entities and their attributes.(2)
Many scholars rebutted the Jahmiyyah merely by declaring, “The Qur’an is the speech of Allah,” because the real purport of the Jahmites’ claim is that it is not His speech, that He has not spoken, and that He does not speak it or anything else. Yet what is firmly rooted in people’s innate disposition, their intellects, and their very languages is that speech must subsist in the speaker: no one can be called a speaker of words that do not reside in him,(3) but instead reside in someone else,(4) just as one cannot be described as knowing through knowledge that subsists in another, or living through a life that subsists in another,(5) or willing through a will that subsists in another,(6) nor loving and hating—or being pleased and angry—through love, hate, pleasure, and anger that subsist in another,(7) nor suffering pain or enjoying bliss, rejoicing or laughing, through pain, bliss, joy, or laughter that subsist in another. All of this, in people’s view, belongs to the necessary, self-evident, innate knowledge(8) that none dispute except those whose natural disposition has been distorted. Likewise, in their understanding, one cannot be said to command or forbid with commands and prohibitions that do not reside in him but in someone else,(9) nor can he be deemed an informant, a relater, or an announcer with information(10)