say: The whole universe is characterised by taḥayyuz—that is, by being confined within a ḥayyiz (spatial locus)—even though it is not situated inside anything else, for every existent thing other than Allah is part of the created world. They also distinguish between ḥayyiz and makān (place), saying: “ḥayyiz is the notional measure of a place, and every self-subsistent entity that is set apart from something else by direction counts, in their view, as mutaḥayyiz (spatially confined), even if it does not exist inside another thing.” Hence some of them declare: “ḥayyiz (1) is a necessary concomitant of a body,” while others maintain: “It is one of the concomitants established by mental consideration, like distinctness and separateness.”
According to this explanation, ḥayyiz is either real (existent) or merely notional (non-existent). If it is non-existent, it is to be treated the same as the purely notional sense of “direction.” If it is real, then either what is meant by it is something that is not external, or something that is external (2) to it (3). [The first resembles the boundaries and sides of the confined object; in that case the ḥayyiz is not something outside the object that is confined] (4). Alternatively, what is intended may be a real entity that is separate (5) from the confined object, external (6) to it; this returns us to the first interpretation. Now, nothing exists besides Allah except the created world. Hence whoever claims that He is in a real, separate ḥayyiz is, in effect, claiming that He is inside the world or part of it—something we have explicitly negated (7). Accordingly, a detailed exposition is required so that this ambiguity (8) and vagueness may be removed.