and whose proof that validates his objective he does not set forth, and yet the doctrine itself is nowhere to be found in the Book of Allah, the Sunnah of His Messenger, or the statements of the Imams of Islam—such a move represents the utmost degree of ignorance, misguidance, and injustice in discourse.

Thirteenth Point:
Their assertion of denying (2) taḥayyuz (spatial confinement) is an ambiguous expression, for the meaning of taḥayyuz that is familiar in the language (3) is that a thing exists in such a way that something else encloses and surrounds it. Allah, Exalted is He, says:

“Whoever on that day turns his back to them—unless it be to maneuver for battle or to fall back to a company—has indeed incurred the wrath of Allah.” (4)

The word taḥayyuz is derived from the verb ḥāza, yaḥūzu (“to gather, to enclose”). Thus the intended meaning is one of the two senses we mentioned earlier when we said: If the point is that created entities do not encompass Him and that He is not lodged inside existent things, this has already been stated explicitly in my words; what benefit, then, is there in repeating it? (6)

As for the concept of taḥayyuz intended by the dialectical theologians, it is broader than this, for they (7)