—by the earlier and later proponents of negation (1), those who assert that Allah is in no direction and occupies no spatial dimension, and therefore is neither upon the Throne nor above the universe (2).
Tenth Response:
Their statement, “What we require him to believe is the denial of direction and spatial location for Allah” (3), admits of only two possibilities. Either it entails denying that Allah is upon the Throne and above the universe—so that one must say, “Above the universe there is no Lord and no god; in fact, nothing exists there at all, nothing but sheer non-existence” (4)—or their statement does not entail such a denial. If it does not, then the disagreement is merely verbal; for at no point in any of my words have I ever affirmed for Allah, in an unqualified manner, either direction or spatial confinement, such that someone could say, “We demand that he negate what he has stated or the terms he has employed.” Rather, my discourse employs the wording of the Quran and the hadith, the language of the early generations of this ummah and of those who conveyed their doctrines, or else I render that meaning in equivalent expressions whose conformity to their intent is plain to the listener (5).