while others spoke in opposition to the Sunnah, and still others withheld judgment; for that reason the imams reproached the waqifah, such as those who declared, “We will not say that the Qur’an is created, nor will we say that it is not created.” Many of these waqifah in fact harbor within themselves a view that contradicts the Sunnah, yet they display their stance of suspension only out of hypocrisy and expediency—and such cases do exist.
As for a doctrine that is found neither explicitly nor implicitly in the words of Allah and His Messenger, and for which the Book and the Sunnah actually contain countless texts that contradict it, how can it be claimed that the believers—whether the general public or the scholarly elite—are obliged to hold that doctrine and that they should be subjected to trials on its basis?
It is well known that nowhere in the Book, the Sunnah, nor in the speech of any of the early generations is there anything—either in plain wording or inferred—affirming that Allah is not above the Throne, that He is not above the created realm, that there is no Lord to be worshipped above the universe, no God to be invoked and sought upon the Throne, and that nothing exists there except bare knowledge. Whether affirming this reality is labeled “ascribing direction” or “ascribing spatial confinement” (1)(2) or something else is of no consequence; the diversity of expressions does not matter once the intended meaning is understood. And if this meaning is not among what the Messenger brought