See: Tarikh Baghdad by al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, vol. 4, pp. 368–370; Tahdhib al-Asma’ wa al-Lughat by al-Nawawi, vol. 2, pp. 208–210; Wafayat al-A’yan by Ibn Khallikan, vol. 1, pp. 72–74; and Tabaqat al-Shafiʿiyya by al-Subki, vol. 4, pp. 61–74. (1) In the original: “wa ‘ayanahu,” but the reading confirmed by manuscripts Ṣ and Ṭ. (2) In the original: “Abu al-‘Ali al-Huni,” which is erroneous. The correct figure is Abu al-Ma‘ali ‘Abd al-Malik ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad al-Juwayni (nisba from Juwayn, a village near Nishapur), the Shafi‘i, Ash‘ari scholar known as Imam al-Haramayn for his four-year residence in Mecca. He later traveled to Baghdad, then returned to Nishapur, where the vizier Nizam al-Mulk founded the Niẓāmiyya madrasa for him; he served there as khatib and teacher. Born in 419 AH and died in 478 AH, his works include: al-‘Aqidah al-Niẓāmiyya (printed), al-Shāmil fī Uṣūl al-Dīn (printed), and al-Irshād. See: Tabyīn Kadhb al-Muftari by Ibn ‘Asakir, pp. 278–285; Wafayat al-A’yan, vol. 3, pp. 167–170; Tabaqat al-Shafiʿiyya, vol. 5, p. 165 ff.; and al-Bidaya wa al-Nihāya by Ibn Kathir, vol. 12, p. 138. (3) Al-Shafi‘i: his biography appears above, p. 134. (4) He was praised as al-Khafīf al-Dhākī (the subtle and intelligent), al-Ḍarīf al-Dhihn (sharp-minded), al-Ḥadīd al-Fu’ād (iron-hearted), and the eloquent tongue—“as if it scorches with fire from its brilliance.” See: Taj al-‘Arūs by al-Zabidi, vol. 5, p. 499 (s.v. ladh‘). (5) Probably Nihāyat al-Maṭlab fī Dirāyat al-Madhhab or in Riwāyat al-Madhhab. According to Ibn Khallikan (Wafayat al-A’yan, vol. 3, p. 168) and Ibn al-‘Imād al-Ḥanbalī (Shadhārāt al-Dhahab, vol. 3, p. 359), it is unparalleled in madhhab literature—twelve volumes on Shafi‘i jurisprudence compiled in Mecca and completed in Nishapur. It was later abridged by Abu Sa‘d ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad al-Yamani, known as Ibn Abi ‘Asrun (d. 585 AH), under the title Sufwat al-Madhhab min Nihāyat al-Maṭlab, in seven volumes.