Fifteenth Point:
If the statement they have advanced is not a truth that must be believed, then no one may be compelled to accept it; and if it is indeed a truth (1) that must be believed, its evidentiary basis must first be made clear. No punishment is permissible before the proof has been established—this is agreed upon by the Muslims. Should (2) the statement be among those matters the Messenger openly presented and clarified, the proof has already been established by his clarification. But if that is not the case, its proof must be set forth and made manifest, a proof whose conformity is obligatory and whose violation is forbidden. For this reason the jurists (3) have stated concerning ahl al-baghy al-muʾtawwilīn (rebellious people acting on a mistaken interpretation): (4) if they allege an injustice, the ruler removes it, and if they advance a doubt, it is clarified (5) for them. When they have offered no evidence at all for the correctness of their claim, but have merely asserted it without proof, how can anyone be obliged (6) to adopt such a statement from someone other than the Messenger? Would (7) anyone possessed of sound reason or religion ever do that?
Sixteenth Point:
Even if they had clarified the correctness of what they asserted, that still would not justify punishing the one who neglects it (8). Not every disputed question—once one side establishes proof for its position—allows that side to punish its opponent; rather, the majority of the questions that have been contested—