Al-TisʿīniyyaIbn Taimiya

Fifteenth Point:
If the statement they have advanced is not a truth that must be believed, then no one may be compelled to accept it; and if it is indeed a truth (1) that must be believed, its evidentiary basis must first be made clear. No punishment is permissible before the proof has been established—this is agreed upon by the Muslims. Should (2) the statement be among those matters the Messenger openly presented and clarified, the proof has already been established by his clarification. But if that is not the case, its proof must be set forth and made manifest, a proof whose conformity is obligatory and whose violation is forbidden. For this reason the jurists (3) have stated concerning ahl al-baghy al-muʾtawwilīn (rebellious people acting on a mistaken interpretation): (4) if they allege an injustice, the ruler removes it, and if they advance a doubt, it is clarified (5) for them. When they have offered no evidence at all for the correctness of their claim, but have merely asserted it without proof, how can anyone be obliged (6) to adopt such a statement from someone other than the Messenger? Would (7) anyone possessed of sound reason or religion ever do that?

Sixteenth Point:
Even if they had clarified the correctness of what they asserted, that still would not justify punishing the one who neglects it (8). Not every disputed question—once one side establishes proof for its position—allows that side to punish its opponent; rather, the majority of the questions that have been contested—

(1) The term ‘haqqan’ (“truly”) is omitted in manuscript S. (2) The text enclosed in brackets is an addition found in manuscripts S and T. (3) As mentioned by Ibn Qudāmah in al-Mughni, vol. 8, p. 108. (4) The particle ‘inna’ (“indeed”) is omitted in manuscript S. (5) In manuscript T: the reading bayyinūhā (“make it clear”), which is a scribal error. (6) The original reads al-iltizām (“commitment”); manuscripts S and T instead have wa-athbat mā yastaqīm bihi al-kalām (“and affirm what ensures the coherence of the discourse”). (7) Manuscript S reads bihādhā (“in this way”). (8) The original reads: ‘annahum lam yabnū ṣawāb mā dhakarūhu min al-qawl lam yakun mujjiban’ (“they did not establish the correctness of what they mentioned from the opinion, so it was not compelling”). In manuscript S it appears as ‘annahum in lam yubayyinū ṣawāb mā dhakarūhu min al-qawl lam yakun mujjiban’. The variant confirmed by manuscript T is likely the one most appropriate to the context.
الوجه الخامس عشر: إن القول الذي قالوه إن لم يكن حقًّا يجب اعتقاده لم يجز الإلزام به، وإن كان حقًّا (١) يجب اعتقاده، فلا بد من بيان دلالته، فإن العقوبة لا تجوز قبل إقامة الحجة باتفاق المسلمين، فإن [كان] (٢) القول مما أظهره الرسول وبينه، فقد قامت الحجة ببيان رسوله، وإن لم يكن ذلك فلا بد من بيان حجته وإظهارها، التي يجب موافقتها ويحرم مخالفتها. ولهذا قال الفقهاء (٣) في أهل البغي المتأولين: إن (٤) ذكروا مظلمة أزالها الإمام، وإن ذكروا شبهة بينها (٥) لهم، فإذا لم يبينوا صواب القول أصلًا، بل ادعوه دعوى مجردة فكيف يجب التزام (٦) مثل ذلك القول من غير الرسول؟ وهل يفعل هذا (٧) من له عقل أو دين؟. الوجه السادس عشر: إنهم لو بينوا صواب ما ذكروه من القول لم يكن ذلك موجبًا لعقوبة تاركه (٨) ، فليس كل مسألة فيها نزاع إذا أقام أحد الفريقين الحجة على صواب قوله مما يسيغ له عقوبة مخالفه، بل عامة المسائل التي تنازعت
(١) حقًّا: ساقطة من: س. (٢) ما بين المعقوفتين زيادة من: س، ط. (٣) كما ذكر ذلك ابن قدامة في المغني ٨/ ١٠٨. (٤) إن: ساقطة من: س. (٥) في ط: بينوها. وهو تصحيف. (٦) في الأصل: الالتزام. وأثبت ما يستقيم به الكلام من: س، ط. (٧) في س: بهذا. (٨) في الأصل أنهم لم يبنوا صواب ما ذكروه من القول لم يكون موجبًا. . . في (س) أنهم إن لم يبينوا صواب ما ذكروه من القول لم يكن موجبًا والمثبت من (ط) ولعله المناسب للسياق.

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