(1) Translation given above, p. 162. (2) Translation given above, p. 134. (3) Translation given above, p. 137. (4) Translation given above, p. 161. (5) Translation given above, p. 165. (6) He is Abu ’Abd Allāh al-Ḥasan ibn Ḥāmid ibn ’Alī ibn Marwān al-Baghdādī al-Warrāq, the foremost Ḥanbalī imam, teacher and mufti of his time. He authored works on various disciplines such as al-Jāmiʿ on the madhhab and Sharḥ Uṣūl al-Dīn, among others. He died in 403 AH. See: Tarīkh Baghdād by al-Baghdādī, vol. 7, pp. 303–304; Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābila by Ibn Abī Ya‘lā, vol. 2, pp. 171–177; Siyar A‘lām al-Nubalā’ by al-Dhahabī, vol. 17, p. 203; al-Wāfī bil-Wafayāt by al-Ṣafadī, vol. 11, p. 415. (7) He is Abū Ya‘lā Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad ibn Khalaf ibn al-Farrā’, a leading scholar of uṣūl (legal theory), furūʿ (jurisprudence) and various arts from Baghdad. His standing was elevated by the Abbasid caliphs al-Qādir and al-Qā’im. His numerous works include al-Īmān; Arbaʿ Muqaddamāt fī Uṣūl al-Diyānāt; Ibtāl al-Ta’wīlāt li-Akhbār al-Ṣifāt; al-Radd ʿalā al-Ashʿarīya; al-Radd ʿalā al-Karāmīya; al-Radd ʿalā al-Bāṭiniyya; and al-Radd ʿalā al-Mujassima, among others. He was born in 380 AH and died in 458 AH. See: Tarīkh Baghdād, vol. 2, pp. 256–257; Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābila, vol. 2, pp. 193–230; Shadharāt al-Dhahab by Ibn al-ʿImād, vol. 3, pp. 206–207; al-Manhaj al-Aḥmad fī Tarājim Aṣḥāb al-Imām Aḥmad by al-ʿAlīmī, vol. 2, pp. 128–142. (8) He is Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd Allāh ibn Saʿīd ibn Muḥammad ibn Kilāb al-Qaṭṭān al-Baṣrī, the leading theologian (mutakallim) in Basra in his time, known for refutations of the Muʿtazila and perhaps sympathetic to them; his followers were called the Kullābiyya. Al-Dhahabī remarks, “He was the theologian closest to the Sunnah.” He died in 240 AH. Fuād Sezgin writes in The History of Arabic Heritage – Creed and Sufism, vol. 1, pt. 4, p. 29: