the Companions’ narration (1) from the Messenger of Allah—peace and blessings be upon him—concerning the believers’ vision of their Lord with their very eyes; reports on this have come through numerous routes, have been conveyed by mutually corroborating traditions, and have reached the level of mass-transmission. They went on to deny the intercession of Allah’s Messenger—peace and blessings be upon him—for the believers (2), rejecting the transmission (3) of that doctrine from the early predecessors. They repudiated the punishment of the grave and the fact that the disbelievers are tormented therein, even though the Companions and the Successors are unanimously agreed on it. They embraced the notion that the Qur’an is created, echoing the assertion of their polytheist brethren who said, “This is nothing but the speech of man” (4); thus they claimed that the Qur’an is merely human discourse. They further maintained (5) that human beings create evil, imitating the Magians who posit (6) two creators—one who produces good and another who produces evil. According to the Qadariyya, Allah creates good, whereas Satan creates evil. They also alleged that Allah wills (7) what never comes to pass, contradicting the unanimous view of the Muslims that whatever Allah wills happens and whatever He does not will does not happen (8), and flouting Allah’s words, “You do not will unless Allah wills” (9), by which He informs us that we do not will anything unless He has willed that we will it. Likewise, He says, “Had Allah willed, they would not have fought one another” (10), and, “Had We willed, We would have given….”