Al-Jawāb as-Sahīh li-man baddala dīn al-MasīhIbn Taimiya

copy in the world, in every language, is verbally identical to every other copy in every other language—save one who possessed exhaustive knowledge of them all; and they themselves concede that no such person exists.

As for those who say that the alteration occurred at the very outset, they maintain that the Gospels were taken from four men, two of whom had never seen the Messiah; only two of the evangelists—Matthew and John—actually saw him. Under such circumstances, the possibility of change is self-evident.

With respect to their claim that the Scripture is written in seventy-two tongues, the Christians themselves unanimously affirm that the Messiah spoke only Hebrew, like all the prophets of the Children of Israel; that he was circumcised on the eighth day as they are; and that he prayed facing their qiblah, never toward the east, nor did he enjoin prayer toward the east.

Whoever asserts—as some people imagine—that his language was Syriac is mistaken. The words attributed to him in the Gospels were originally spoken in Hebrew and were then translated into other languages. Translation, however, is a domain in which error frequently occurs, as we have witnessed in our own time when the Torah is rendered from Hebrew into Arabic; the mistakes that appear in such translations are attested by competent, truthful experts versed in both tongues.

The Christians themselves say that it was written only in four languages:

نُسْخَةٍ فِي الْعَالَمِ بِكُلِّ لِسَانٍ مُطَابِقٌ لَفْظُهَا سَائِرَ النُّسَخِ بِسَائِرِ الْأَلْسِنَةِ إِلَّا مَنْ أَحَاطَ عِلْمًا بِذَلِكَ وَهُمْ قَدْ سَلَّمُوا أَنَّ أَحَدًا لَا يُمْكِنُهُ ذَلِكَ. وَأَمَّا مَنْ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ التَّغْيِيرَ وَقَعَ فِي أَوَّلِ الْأَمْرِ فَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا أُخِذَتِ الْأَنَاجِيلُ عَنْ أَرْبَعَةٍ، اثْنَانِ مِنْهُمْ لَمْ يَرَيَا الْمَسِيحَ، بَلْ إِنَّمَا رَآهُ اثْنَانِ مِنْ نَقَلَةِ الْإِنْجِيلِ مَتَّى وَيُوحَنَّا. وَمَعْلُومٌ إِمْكَانُ التَّغَيُّرِ فِي ذَلِكَ. وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُمْ إِنَّهَا مَكْتُوبَةٌ بِاثْنَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ لِسَانًا فَمَعْلُومٌ بِاتِّفَاقِ النَّصَارَى أَنَّ الْمَسِيحَ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَتَكَلَّمُ إِلَّا بِالْعِبْرِيَّةِ كَسَائِرِ أَنْبِيَاءِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ مَخْتُونًا خُتِنَ بَعْدَ السَّابِعِ كَمَا يَخْتِنُ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي إِلَى قِبْلَتِهِمْ لَمْ يَكُنْ يُصَلِّي إِلَى الشَّرْقِ وَلَا أَمَرَ بِالصَّلَاةِ إِلَى الشَّرْقِ. وَمَنْ قَالَ إِنَّ لِسَانَهُ كَانَ سُرْيَانِيًّا كَمَا يَظُنُّهُ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ فَهُوَ غَالِطٌ فَالْكَلَامُ الْمَنْقُولُ عَنْهُ فِي الْأَنَاجِيلِ إِنَّمَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ عِبْرِيًّا ثُمَّ تُرْجِمَ مِنْ تِلْكَ اللُّغَةِ إِلَى غَيْرِهَا. وَالتَّرْجَمَةُ يَقَعُ فِيهَا الْغَلَطُ كَثِيرًا كَمَا وَجَدْنَا فِي زَمَانِنَا مَنْ يُتَرْجِمُ التَّوْرَاةَ مِنَ الْعِبْرِيَّةِ إِلَى الْعَرَبِيَّةِ وَيَظْهَرُ فِي التَّرْجَمَةِ مِنَ الْغَلَطِ مَا يَشْهَدُ بِهِ الْحُذَّاقُ الصَّادِقُونَ مِمَّنْ يَعْرِفُ اللُّغَتَيْنِ. وَالنَّصَارَى يَقُولُونَ إِنَّمَا كُتِبَتْ بِأَرْبَعِ لُغَاتٍ: (بِالْعِبْرِيَّةِ

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