such as al-Hakim and others—and those who ascribe godhood to ʿAli ibn Abi Talib—or to someone else—after the fashion of the Nusayriyyah. In the judgment of the Muslims, all such people are unbelievers.

The same ruling applies to anyone who attributes divinity to certain shaykhs, such as the extremist ʿAdawiyyah, Hallajiyyah, Yunusiyyah and others; and likewise to anyone who claims the infallibility of the Banu Ubayd, of the Twelve Imams, or of particular shaykhs.

For the Christians assert the infallibility of the twelve disciples, whereas these sectarians claim the infallibility of the twelve imams.