and who adduces scriptural and rational proofs that part of their wording has been altered.

The fifth approach is to show that the expressions now in their possession do not contradict what Muhammad reported; rather, they affirm the veracity of Muhammad—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and to discuss the meaning of those very passages in detail.

This method is followed by Muslims who do not dispute the authenticity of the present wording.

As for the majority, who hold that these expressions have been tampered with, they employ this method as well, while also demonstrating that the wording lacks tawatur and, indeed, that alteration has taken place in the text itself.