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—for singling out one part of the general class for express mention, whenever a separate reason warrants that specification, does not imply that what remains unmentioned is to be treated oppositely. This is what the jurists call mafhum al-mukhalafa (the implication by contrast) or dalil al-khitab (the inference drawn from the wording itself).
Everyone agrees that when something is singled out in the wording because a particular context requires its mention—rather than to confine the ruling to it—no exclusive implication is entailed, whether the item is identified by a proper noun or by a descriptive attribute. The Exalted says:
“Do not kill your children out of fear of poverty.” ⦗al-Isrāʾ 17:31⦘
إِذَا كَانَ لَهُ سَبَبٌ يَقْتَضِي التَّخْصِيصَ لَمْ يَدُلَّ عَلَى أَنَّ مَا سِوَى الْمَذْكُورِ مُخَالَفَةٌ، وَهَذَا الَّذِي يُسَمَّى مَفْهُومَ الْمُخَالَفَةِ وَدَلِيلَ الْخِطَابِ.
وَالنَّاسُ كُلُّهُمْ مُتَّفِقُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ التَّخْصِيصَ بِالذِّكْرِ مَتَى كَانَ لَهُ سَبَبٌ يُوجِبُ الذِّكْرَ غَيْرَ الِاخْتِصَاصِ بِالْحُكْمِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلِاسْمِ اللَّقَبِ مَفْهُومٌ،
بَلْ وَلَا لِلصِّفَةِ كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى:
{وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ خَشْيَةَ إِمْلَاقٍ}
[الإسراء: ٣١]
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