Al-Jawāb as-Sahīh li-man baddala dīn al-MasīhIbn Taimiya

As for the second kind—knowledge that a thing is objectively possible in the outside world—this is established by any of three considerations: knowing that the thing itself has occurred, that something identical to it has occurred, or that something whose occurrence would be even nearer to impossibility has occurred. If, for example, it is possible for a camel to carry a quintar, then it is certainly more possible for it to carry ninety pounds. By this very line of reasoning Allah sets out in the Quran the possibility of whatever He wishes to prove possible, such as raising the dead and the final return. Sometimes He demonstrates this by recording that it has already happened. Thus He recounts that the people of Moses said, “We will never believe you until we see Allah plainly” (al-Baqarah 55), … “so the thunderbolt struck them while they were looking on” (adh-Dhāriyāt 44), after which Allah revived them following their death so that they might give thanks. He likewise tells of the slain man whom they struck with part of the cow, and Allah brought him back to life, as He said:

وَأَمَّا الثَّانِي: وَهُوَ الْعِلْمُ بِإِمْكَانِ الشَّيْءِ فِي الْخَارِجِ، فَهَذَا يُعْلَمُ بِأَنْ يُعْلَمَ وُجُودُهُ، أَوْ وُجُودُ نَظِيرِهِ، أَوْ وُجُودُ مَا هُوَ أَقْرَبُ إِلَى الِامْتِنَاعِ مِنْهُ، فَإِذَا كَانَ حَمْلُ الْبَعِيرِ لِلْقِنْطَارِ مُمْكِنًا كَانَ حَمْلُهُ لِتِسْعِينَ رِطْلًا أَوْلَى بِالْإِمْكَانِ، وَبِهَذِهِ الطَّرِيقَةِ يُبَيِّنُ اللَّهُ فِي الْقُرْآنِ إِمْكَانَ مَا يُرِيدُ بَيَانَ إِمْكَانِهِ كَإِحْيَاءِ الْمَوْتَى وَالْمَعَادِ، فَإِنَّهُ يُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ تَارَةً بِبَيَانِ وُقُوعِهِ، كَمَا أَخْبَرَ أَنَّ قَوْمَ مُوسَى قَالُوا: {لَنْ نُؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى نَرَى اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً} [البقرة: ٥٥] . . . {فَأَخَذَتْهُمُ الصَّاعِقَةُ وَهُمْ يَنْظُرُونَ} [الذاريات: ٤٤] ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَوْتِهِمْ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَشْكُرُونَ. وَكَمَا أَخْبَرَ عَنِ الْمَقْتُولِ الَّذِي ضَرَبُوهُ بِالْبَقَرَةِ فَأَحْيَاهُ اللَّهُ كَمَا قَالَ:

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