his campaign against the Jews of Khaybar; his earlier campaigns against the Jews who lived around Madinah—such as Banu Qaynuqaʿ, al-Nadir, and Qurayzah; his dispatch of Abū Bakr as commander of the Hajj in the year 9 AH, the annulment of the former treaties, and the public proclamation: “After this year no idolater shall perform the Hajj, and no one shall circumambulate the House naked”; and likewise his migration accompanied by Abū Bakr, ʿĀmir ibn Fuhayrah, and a third man who served as their guide.

Equally well-attested is that he used to lead the Muslims in the two ʿĪd prayers at the open prayer-ground outside Madinah; except on one occasion when he is reported to have prayed the ʿĪd in his mosque because of rain. In his lifetime no one in Madinah performed the ʿĪd prayer except behind him, and throughout his time—and the times of Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, and ʿUthmān—the ʿĪd was never held twice. The first to do so was ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib: when the population had increased and some people were unable to make the journey to the desert, he appointed someone to lead the prayer on his behalf.