al-Zajjāj, and al-Farrāʾ, and of al-Kisāʾī—details that no one outside their ranks knows.

In the same way, the Qurʾānic reciters possess intimate knowledge of the readings transmitted by Abū ʿAmr, Ibn Kathīr, Hamzah, al-Kisāʾī, Ibn ʿĀmir, Yaʿqūb ibn Isḥāq, and al-Aʿmash