Al-Jawāb as-Sahīh li-man baddala dīn al-Masīh - Ibn Taimiya - (1/312)

Likewise, when ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb—may Allah be pleased with him—laid down these conditions for the ahl al-dhimma and they accepted them, he charged his governors, and all the caliphs and officials who would succeed him, to honor those terms. Such conduct is the very justice that Allah and His Messenger have commanded.

In Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī it is related from ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb that, in the sermon he delivered just before his death, he said:

“I exhort the caliph after me concerning those who live under Allah’s covenant and the covenant of His Messenger: that he fulfill the pledge made to them, defend them against whoever lies beyond them, and not burden them with more than they can bear.”

This directive conforms to the Prophet’s saying—peace and blessings be upon him:

“Behold! Whoever wrongs a treaty-holder, diminishes his right, imposes upon him more than he can endure, or takes anything from him without his willing consent, I will argue against him on the Day of Resurrection.”

Reported by Abū Dāwūd.

وَكَمَا كَتَبَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ هَذِهِ الشُّرُوطَ وَالْتَزَمُوهَا، أَوْصَى بِهِمْ نُوَّابَهُ وَمَنْ يَأْتِي بَعْدَهُ مِنَ الْخُلَفَاءِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، وَهَذَا هُوَ الْعَدْلُ الَّذِي أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَرَسُولُهُ. فَفِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ عِنْدَ وَفَاتِهِ: وَأُوصِي الْخَلِيفَةَ مِنْ بَعْدِي بِذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنْ يُوفِيَ لَهُمْ بِعَهْدِهِمْ، وَأَنْ يُقَاتِلَ مَنْ وَرَاءَهُمْ، وَلَا يُكَلَّفُوا إِلَّا طَاقَتَهُمْ. وَهَذَا امْتِثَالٌ لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «أَلَا مَنْ ظَلَمَ مُعَاهَدًا، أَوِ انْتَقَصَهُ مِنْ حَقِّهِ، أَوْ كَلَّفَهُ فَوْقَ طَاقَتِهِ، أَوْ أَخَذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا بِغَيْرِ طِيبِ نَفْسٍ، فَأَنَا حَجِيجُهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ» . رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ.