the One who instructs you, the One who reminds you, and the like; for the word “Paraclete” brings together the mention of both Gabriel and Muhammad, and the speech of one is, in substance, the speech of the other. In Arabic this belongs to the well-known device of “substitution by inclusion” (badal ishtimāl), as in His statement:
“They ask you about the Sacred Month—about fighting therein. Say: ‘Fighting therein’” ⦗2:217⦘
The month itself is not the fighting; yet because it contains fighting, one is substituted for the other. The same applies to His words:
“Allah has indeed sent down to you a reminder—-a Messenger.” ⦗65:10-11⦘
Here the Messenger is substituted for “reminder” because he embodies it, and the second expression encompasses the first. In like manner, the human Messenger was inwardly linked to the angelic Messenger, so the revelation weighed heavily upon him whenever it descended.

In the two Ṣaḥīḥ collections it is related from ʿĀʾishah (may Allah be pleased with her) that al-Ḥārith ibn Hishām asked, “O Messenger of Allah, how does revelation come to you?” He replied: “At times it comes to me like the ringing of a bell, and that is the hardest upon me; when it departs I have grasped what it said. At other times the angel appears to me in the form of a man, speaks to me, and I grasp what he says.” ʿĀʾishah said: