to prophethood; and it likewise attests to Muhammad’s prophethood—peace and blessings be upon him—for when a person whose own prophethood is thereby established speaks of his mission, that testimony carries weight. This applies when the report comes from someone whose prophethood we ourselves have not independently confirmed and who is not mentioned in our scripture.

As for one whose prophethood is already proven by other means—such as Moses or the Messiah—the evidence in his case converges upon a single conclusion, and it further implies that every proof which establishes the prophethood of any other messenger equally establishes his. This is a second reply to those who regard such corroboration as an indispensable condition for recognizing his prophethood.