of the polytheists, the Magians, and the Sabaeans to a condition better than the one they had been following; indeed, these were the people most in need of his message.

As for the People of the Scripture:
The Jews concede to us the Christians’ need of him, and that he summoned them to something better than what they possessed; while the Christians concede to us the Jews’ need of him, and that he likewise summoned them to something better than what they possessed.

Thus there is no community on the face of the earth except that it acknowledges that Muhammad—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—called all other communities to something better than what they had. This is a testimony borne by all the peoples of the world: that he invited humankind to a state superior to their previous one. Now, the testimony of every group is accepted when it concerns another group, for in that case they are not suspected of partiality—they are, after all, opponents of Muhammad and his nation and opponents of the rest of the peoples. Their testimony on their own behalf, however, is inadmissible, for they are his opponents, and the testimony of a litigant against his opponent is not accepted.

Even the philosophers have admitted that no code has ever confronted the world better than his. They have acknowledged that it surpasses the Law of Moses and the Law of the Messiah—peace be upon them both—and, indeed, they have leveled against the other laws criticisms the like of which were never