contains mention of the Resurrection, the establishment of proofs for it, and a detailed exposition of its realities, as well as descriptions of Paradise and Hell the like of which are nowhere to be found in the Torah. It recounts the stories of Hud, Ṣāliḥ, Shuʿayb, and other prophets whose narratives the Torah does not mention. It sets forth the Most Beautiful Names of Allah and His attributes, describes His angels—their varieties and their tasks—and explains the creation of humankind and of the jinn in a detail the Torah never approached. It establishes monotheism with every kind of evidence, speaks of the various religions found on earth, and engages dissenters in debate, advancing decisive proofs for the fundamentals of faith in a fashion unmatched by the Torah—though no heavenly book is more conducive to guidance than the Qur’an and the Torah.

In the Qur’anic law the wholesome things are declared lawful and the foul things unlawful, whereas the Torah forbade many wholesome things as a punishment for its people. The Qur’an also legislates the acceptance of blood-money in cases of homicide—something not prescribed in the Torah—and removes the burdens and shackles that had been placed upon them, thereby making plain that Allah’s favour to the people of the Qur’an is more complete.

As for the Gospel, it contains no independent law, nor does it discuss monotheism, the creation of the universe, or the stories of the prophets and their nations; on most matters it refers its followers back to the Torah. What the Messiah did do was to permit some of what had been forbidden to them and to command them