Al-Jawāb as-Sahīh li-man baddala dīn al-MasīhIbn Taimiya

Yet if you say, “Rather, the eternal, pre-existent Son—the Word, which is knowledge and wisdom—is an accident inhering in the substance of the Father and is therefore not a second substance,” then you have plainly stated that the Lord is a substance in which accidents inhere. But you yourselves previously denied this when you said, “He is a substance to which no accidents attach,” and again when you said, “Among created things there are substances that admit no accidents; the Creator is even more deserving of that.” This is an evident contradiction from which no escape is possible for anyone who examines your words from start to finish.

Your statements, taken together, oblige you to affirm that He is a single substance in which no accidents subsist. Yet you also maintain, “One substance, three hypostases,” whether you label them attributes, properties, accidents, or assert that the hypostasis is both essence and attribute.

Accordingly, we ask you: together with the hypostases, is the Lord three substances; or one substance possessing three attributes; or a substance devoid of any attribute?

If you say, “Three substances,” you have affirmed three entities and nullified your own claim that “the Lord is one substance and one God,” thereby openly acknowledging three gods.

If, however, you say, “Rather, one substance with three attributes,” you have conceded that this substance is the locus of attributes; and once attributes inhere in it—while you still call it a substance—and you assert, “Every existent is either substance or accident,” it inevitably follows that His attributes

وَإِنْ قُلْتُمْ: بَلِ الِابْنُ الْقَدِيمُ الْأَزَلِيُّ، الَّذِي هُوَ الْكَلِمَةُ، الَّتِي هِيَ الْعِلْمُ وَالْحِكْمَةُ، عَرَضٌ قَائِمٌ بِجَوْهَرِ الْأَبِ، لَيْسَ هُوَ جَوْهَرًا ثَانِيًا؛ فَقَدْ صَرَّحْتُمْ بِأَنَّ الرَّبَّ جَوْهَرٌ تَقُومُ بِهِ الْأَعْرَاضُ، وَقَدْ أَنْكَرْتُمْ هَذَا فِي كَلَامِكُمْ، وَقُلْتُمْ: " هُوَ جَوْهَرٌ لَا تَقُومُ بِهِ الْأَعْرَاضُ " وَقُلْتُمْ: " إِنَّ مِنَ الْمَخْلُوقَاتِ جَوَاهِرَ لَا تَقُومُ بِهَا الْأَعْرَاضُ، فَالْخَالِقُ أَوْلَى " وَهَذَا تَنَاقُضٌ بَيِّنٌ لَا حِيلَةَ فِيهِ لِمَنْ تَدَبَّرَ كَلَامَهُمْ أَوَّلَهُ وَآخِرَهُ. فَإِنَّ كَلَامَهُمْ هَذَا يُوجِبُ أَنَّهُ جَوْهَرٌ وَاحِدٌ، لَا يَقُومُ بِهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْأَعْرَاضِ. وَهُمْ يَقُولُونَ: " جَوْهَرٌ وَاحِدٌ، ثَلَاثَةُ أَقَانِيمَ " وَسَوَاءٌ سَمَّوْهَا صِفَاتٍ أَوْ خَوَاصَّ أَوْ أَعْرَاضًا، أَوْ قَالُوا: الْأُقْنُومُ هُوَ الذَّاتُ وَالصِّفَةُ. فَيُقَالُ لَهُمْ: الرَّبُّ مَعَ الْأَقَانِيمِ: ثَلَاثَةُ جَوَاهِرَ أَوْ جَوْهَرٌ وَاحِدٌ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ صِفَاتٍ، أَوْ جَوْهَرٌ لَا صِفَةَ لَهُ. فَإِنْ قَالُوا: ثَلَاثَةُ جَوَاهِرَ، أَثْبَتُوا ثَلَاثَةً وَبَطَلَ قَوْلُهُمْ: " إِنَّ الرَّبَّ جَوْهَرٌ وَاحِدٌ وَإِلَهٌ وَاحِدٌ " وَصَرَّحُوا بِإِثْبَاتِ ثَلَاثَةِ آلِهَةٍ. وَإِنْ قَالُوا: بَلْ جَوْهَرٌ وَاحِدٌ لَهُ ثَلَاثُ صِفَاتٍ، فَقَدْ صَرَّحُوا أَنَّ هَذَا الْجَوْهَرَ تَقُومُ بِهِ الصِّفَاتُ، وَإِذَا قَامَتْ بِهِ الصِّفَاتُ - وَقَدْ سَمَّوْهُ جَوْهَرًا - وَقَالُوا: " كُلُّ مَوْجُودٍ إِمَّا جَوْهَرٌ وَإِمَّا عَرَضٌ " لَزِمَهُمْ قَطْعًا أَنْ تَكُونَ صِفَاتُهُ

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