Moreover, it is well known that those who claim an Islamic affiliation yet follow the philosophers—al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, Suhrawardī who was executed, and, foremost among them, Ibn Rushd the grandson—master their writings and understand them far better than the Christians do.

The philosophical works that reached the Muslims—on medicine, arithmetic, logic, and the like—were refined by these self-styled Muslim devotees, so that their treatment of the subjects is superior to that of the original Greek authors.

Nevertheless, in these very sciences the Christians and Jews depend exclusively on what those professing Muslims have set forth, even though, in the judgment of the Muslim scholars, such men are themselves ignorant.