Abu Muhammad Ibn Ḥazm said:

“The Sadducees are a Jewish sect named after a man called Ṣadūq. They—and no other branch of Judaism—maintain that Ezra is the son of God, and they were situated in the region of Yemen.

“The philosophers who speak of the emanation of the intellects and the celestial spheres from Him—calling that, if they wish, a kind of ‘generation’—still treat His ‘child’ as something wholly distinct from Him. At the same time they posit an eternal, pre-existent child that issues from Him without His choice, and they limit what proceeds from Him to a single entity.

“Every other group that attributes a child to God regards that child as a created being, separate from Him.

“As for turning one of His own inherent attributes into His child and offspring, this is unknown from anyone but the Christians. Thus, when they affirm for Him an uncreated child and son while that attribute which endures with Him and is inseparable from Him neither proceeds from Him nor is ever called a son or child by any prophet or anyone else, it necessarily follows that their ‘child’ is either a part detached from Him or an effect produced by Him without His power and will. Whichever of the two positions they take, they are unbelievers, mirroring the doctrine of those who disbelieved before them.”