—the very reality of the Trinity, for that would require affirming three distinct hypostases—and it establishes no genuine monotheism either, which would require affirming that the Eternal is one, not two, nor any number beyond that.

Since this is the case, what they have stated is something that cannot be grasped by the mind, is unfit to be believed, and can be challenged from every conceivable angle.

It may thus be said to them: If, according to you, it is permissible for three hypostases to be a single substance, why should it not be equally permissible for three gods to be one substance, or three agents to be one substance, or three disparate entities to be one substance, or simply three things to be one substance, or three beings possessed of power to be one substance—in fact, for any set of three things whatsoever to be called one substance? On all such questions you will find no way to draw a principled distinction.

Eleventh Argument:

The extremists among the anthropomorphists—whom the Muslims declare to be unbelievers—are, both in terms of the sacred law and of sound reason, in a better state than you and are less at odds with revelation and rational thought.

If even those people are better than you, how can you compare yourselves to those who are better than them: the Sunni Muslims, who neither liken God to His creation nor deny His attributes?

The point is that the Torah, the Gospel, all of God’s other scriptures, and the rest of what is authentically transmitted from the prophets, contain a multitude of explicit, clear, and unmistakable passages affirming the oneness of God—that there is no deity besides Him; that He is called therein by the most beautiful names and described by the loftiest attributes; and that everything apart from Him is His creation, containing none