Al-Jawāb as-Sahīh li-man baddala dīn al-MasīhIbn Taimiya

that he sometimes labels this a “mixing,” while at other times he insists that it is not a mixing.

First, he may describe this indwelling and fusion as a mixing and yet maintain that it involves neither metamorphosis nor change. He further claims that metamorphosis and change only arise when the mixing is between two coarse substances—such as water and wine—whereas, if one component is subtle and the other dense, that mixture, he says, remains free of alteration or transformation.

He then declares that mixing occurs in three modes. One, he says, is like wine and water; a second is like oil and water—or flax and silk; and similar things which, in his view, ought to be called a mixing even though the two natures remain distinct. Yet after counting it among the categories of mixing he immediately adds that it ought not to be called a mixing at all.

Our purpose is not to wrangle over mere words. What matters is that his contention—that one type of mixing necessarily entails change and metamorphosis whereas the other, a mixing of the subtle with the dense, does not—is an untenable claim for which he has offered no proof. Indeed, it is false; for no mixing of two entities can occur without some alteration and metamorphosis.

Moreover, the very examples and analogies he adduces turn against him, for he himself says: “When the mixture is between a subtle creation and a dense creation, that mixture is untouched by change…”

فَجَعَلَ هَذَا تَارَةً اخْتِلَاطًا، وَتَارَةً يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ هُوَ اخْتِلَاطًا - أَنْ يُقَالَ: إِنَّهُ - أَوَّلًا - قَدْ يَجْعَلُ هَذَا الْحُلُولَ وَالِالْتِحَامَ اخْتِلَاطًا، وَيَقُولُ: إِنَّهُ لَا يَكُونُ فِيهِ اسْتِحَالَةٌ وَلَا تَغَيُّرٌ، وَيَقُولُ: الِاسْتِحَالَةُ وَالتَّغْيِيرُ إِنَّمَا يَلْزَمُ الْخُلْطَةَ، إِذَا كَانَتْ مِنْ خَلْقَيْنِ غَلِيظَيْنِ، كَالْمَاءِ وَالْخَمْرِ، فَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَتْ مِنْ لَطِيفٍ وَكَثِيفٍ، لَمْ يُخَالِطْ تِلْكَ الْخُلْطَةَ تَغَيُّرٌ وَلَا احْتِيَالٌ - أَيِ اسْتِحَالَةٌ - وَيَقُولُ: وَالْخُلْطَةُ تَكُونُ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَوْجُهٍ: ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: أَحَدُهُمَا كَالْخَمْرِ وَالْمَاءِ، وَالثَّانِي كَالزَّيْتِ وَالْمَاءِ، وَالْكَتَّانِ وَالْقَزِّ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: وَمَا أَشْبَهَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُسَمَّى خُلْطَةً مَعَ افْتِرَاقِ الطَّبِيعَتَيْنِ، فَيَجْعَلُهُ مِنْ أَقْسَامِ الْخُلْطَةِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: وَلَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُسَمَّى خُلْطَةً. وَلَيْسَ الْمَقْصُودُ الْمُنَازَعَاتِ اللَّفْظِيَّةَ، بَلْ يَقُولُ: دَعْوَاهُ أَنَّ أَحَدَ نَوْعَيِ الِاخْتِلَاطِ يَكُونُ عَنْ تَغَيُّرٍ وَاسْتِحَالَةٍ، بِخِلَافِ النَّوْعِ الْآخَرِ الَّذِي هُوَ اخْتِلَاطٌ لَطِيفٌ وَغَلِيظٌ - دَعْوَى مَمْنُوعَةٌ، وَلَمْ يُقِمْ عَلَيْهَا دَلِيلًا، بَلْ يَقُولُ: هِيَ بَاطِلَةٌ، بَلْ لَا يَكُونُ الِاخْتِلَاطُ بَيْنَ شَيْئَيْنِ إِلَّا مَعَ تَغَيُّرٍ وَاسْتِحَالَةٍ. وَمَا ذَكَرَهُ مِنَ الْأَمْثَالِ وَالشَّوَاهِدِ، فَهِيَ حُجَّةٌ عَلَيْهِ ; لِقَوْلِهِ: (فَأَمَّا إِذَا كَانَتِ الْخُلْطَةُ مِنْ خَلْقٍ لَطِيفٍ وَخَلْقٍ غَلِيظٍ، لَمْ يُخَالِطْ تِلْكَ الْخُلْطَةَ تَغَيُّرٌ

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