Others said, “The Messiah stands in relation to the Father like a flame kindled from another flame: the first flame loses nothing when it lights the second.” This was the teaching of Sibarīnūn and his followers.
Another faction declared, “Mary did not carry the child for nine months. A light simply passed through her womb as water runs through a spout, for the Word of God entered through her ear and, in that very instant, came out from the place where children are born.” This was the doctrine of Ulban and his adherents.
A third group maintained that the Messiah is a human being fashioned from the divine essence, sharing our substance; that the Son began with Mary and was chosen to be the redeemer of the human substance; that divine grace accompanied him so love and will settled in him—hence he was called the Son of God. They further claimed that God is one essence and one hypostasis, to whom they assign three names, while denying both the Word and the Holy Spirit. This was the creed of Paul of Samosata, Patriarch of Antioch, and his followers, known as the Paulianians.
Still others professed belief in three gods who have always existed—one good, one evil, and a third just force between them. This was the doctrine of Marcion and his adherents.