Africa and Sicily, al-Andalus, and the greater part of al-Shām,

and that their creed is that Allah—exalted is He far above what they claim—is three entities: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, all of them eternal; that Jesus is in his entirety a complete god and at the same time a complete human being, with neither being other than the other; that it was the human part that was crucified and killed, whereas the divine part was untouched by any of that; that Mary gave birth to both the god and the man; and that the two together constitute a single being, the “son of God.” Highly exalted is Allah above such blasphemy.

The Nestorians profess exactly the same doctrine, point for point, except that they say Mary did not give birth to the god but only to the man, and that Allah did not beget the man but only the god—exalted is Allah above their unbelief. This sect predominates in Mosul, Iraq, Fars, and Khurasan; they are named after Nestorius, who was patriarch of Constantinople.

The Jacobites, for their part, assert that the Messiah is God Himself, that Allah—exalted is He far above their grievous disbelief—died, was crucified and killed, and that the world remained for three days without