half of them in Ṣafar and the other half in Rajab, to be delivered to the Muslims; and, as a loan, thirty coats of mail, thirty horses, thirty camels, and thirty items of every category of weapon with which the Muslims would fight. The Muslims would remain responsible for these until they returned them, should any treacherous plot arise from the direction of Yemen. It was further stipulated that no church of theirs be demolished, no priest expelled, and that they not be compelled to abandon their religion—so long as they committed no new offense or engaged in usury.

Ismāʿīl remarked, “They have, in fact, practiced usury.”

Abū Dāwūd added, “If they break any of the conditions imposed on them, that constitutes a new offense.”

As for what Abū Dāwūd and the historians relate concerning his treaty with the people of Najrān for